The integration of these multi-omics data means that thousands of proteins (proteomics), genes (genomics), RNAs (transcriptomics) and metabolites (metabolomics) can provide useful insight into pathogenesis, identification of therapeutic targets and biomarker discovery.
Genomics, Transcriptomics, and Epigenomics: This combination helps understand the regulatory mechanisms governing pathway dysregulation and can reveal epigenetic drivers of disease.
Genomics, Transcriptomics, Epigenomics, and Immunomics: Integrating these data types helps identify neoantigens that are both tumor-specific and immunogenic, considering factors like T-cell receptor (TCR) recognition and MHC presentation.
Genomics, Transcriptomics, and Proteomics: Integrating these data types helps identify neoantigens resulting from tumor-specific mutations, their expression at the RNA and protein levels, and their potential for presentation on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules.
Transcriptomics and Metabolomics: Integrating these data types helps identify biomarkers that reflect the functional consequences of gene expression changes on metabolic pathways, providing insights into disease progression or treatment response.
Data integration techniques such as correlation analysis, network analysis, and pathway mapping enable the identification of microbial interactions, functional modules, and potential host-microbe relationships.
It is an important step in biomarker discovery, as it can help to identify potential biomarkers based on their functional annotation or similarity to known biomolecules.
Depending on the nature and complexity of the data and the research question of interest.
For the detection of novel and complex immune targets that may not be detectable using other sequencing technologies.
Biomarker discovery is the process of identifying molecular, biochemical, or other measurable indicators (i.e., biomarkers) that are associated with a particular disease, condition, or biological process. Biomarkers can be used for diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic purposes, and they can help to identify patients who are at risk for a particular disease or who may benefit from a particular treatment.
Neoantigens arise from genetic alterations, such as point mutations, insertions, deletions, and chromosomal rearrangements, that occur during tumorigenesis. These alterations can lead to the production of abnormal proteins or the expression of normally silent proteins, resulting in the presentation of neoantigens on the surface of cancer cells. Neoantigens are of great interest in cancer immunotherapy because they have the potential to be recognized as foreign by the immune system, leading to an immune response against cancer cells.
The discovery of the TCR has been instrumental in advancing our understanding of T cell biology and has had a profound impact on immunology and medical research. The TCR recognizes antigens in the form of short peptide fragments bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on the surface of target cells. The TCR's variable regions interact with both the peptide fragment and the MHC molecule, allowing T cells to distinguish between self and foreign antigens.
Pathway discovery refers to the process of identifying and characterizing the molecular pathways or networks involved in biological processes or diseases. It involves the analysis of large-scale biological data, such as gene expression, protein interactions, or metabolic profiles, to unravel the underlying biological mechanisms.
Data integration techniques such as correlation analysis, network analysis, and pathway mapping enable the identification of microbial interactions, functional modules, and potential host-microbe relationships.
Host-pathogen interactions
Microbes in Diseases
Microbes in Health
Benefits of omics
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